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做高中英语阅读理解有什么技巧吗?怎样提高正确率?

2024-02-16 07:04:19 | 大学招生网

小编今天整理了一些做高中英语阅读理解有什么技巧吗?怎样提高正确率?相关内容,希望能够帮到大家。

本文目录一览:

做高中英语阅读理解有什么技巧吗?怎样提高正确率?

英语阅读表达

英语阅读表达

阅读表达题是近年英语高考出现的一种新的测试题型,它是阅读理解与表述阅读信息的结合。下面我收集了关于阅读表达题的备考策略,一起来了解一下吧!

阅读表达题———英语高考新题型和备考策略

【摘要】 本文介绍了近年来英语高考中出现的一类新题型——阅读表达题。笔者分析了新题型的形成背景,命制方式和基本题型,提出了解答阅读表达题的基本思路和备考策略,同时展望了其发展的基本趋势。

【关键词】 阅读表达题,新课标高考卷,题型创新,阅读理解,备考策略

阅读表达题是近年英语高考出现的一种新的测试题型,它是阅读理解与表述阅读信息的结合(reading & expression)。命制阅读表达题的具体做法是:设计一篇在语篇结构上是并列或承接关系的300字左右的短文,之后是5个需要考生回答的问题。这些问题的回答需要考生从短文中提取相关细节信息,并结合上下文进行适当的概括、判断和推理,在规定的字数内将答案写在相应的空白处。

一. 阅读表达题的课改背景

阅读表达题的推出是与正在全国各省市区推行的高中学科新课程标准密不可分的。《普通高中英语课程标准》规定,高中学生毕业时的课外阅读量应达到18—30万字。这一量化的规定可见新课标对高中阶段学生阅读输入(input)的充分重视。同时,krashen(1985))认为足够的信息输入是保证高质量信息输出(output)的前提。阅读表达题正是这种阅读信息输入与即时输出的巧妙结合。

阅读表达题是对阅读理解题型的创新。阅读表达题以一种主观题的形式,“打破了高考英语阅读理解十几年多项选择题的单一形式”。在阅读难度上它略低于前面的阅读理解题,而它是以主观回答的形式考查考生的表述能力,故中高程度的考生答题效果较为理想,而如果考生读不懂短文,就基本没有答对的概率。因此,该题型能“有效地评价考生综合运用英语语言的能力,而且会提高试题的信度和效度”,同时也具有较好的区分度。

二. 阅读表达题的'设题类型和解题技巧

在目前全国各省市区的高考试卷中,有四个省市英语试卷推出了阅读表达题:山东省(2007年始),天津市(2009年始),和江西省(2011年始)。湖南省试卷也在前几年简答题的基础上,2010年推出了阅读表达新题型。在卷面形式上,四份试卷阅读表达题均以一篇短文后加4——5个问题的方式命制,其常用的题型有:

1. 主旨大意题。这一问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或个别段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在高中学生阅读时的普遍问题是:文章大意都基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学和学生获取阅读信息的主要目的。主旨大意题有助于矫正这种能力缺陷。主旨大意题既考查对整个短文主旨理解的能力(如江西2011卷76题),也可考查对段落大意的归纳能力(如山东2011卷80题)。

主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:what is the main idea of the text? / what does the passage mainly talk about? / what is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage? / what does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?

主旨大意通常会出现在文章的首尾段或段落的首尾句。在2010山东卷中,我们可根据第一段的最后一句:studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together benefit in many ways 概括处文章的主题为:families benefit from eating together.

主旨概述既可以用完整的句子,也可用一个简洁的短语:a website where we can learn english well,或一个问句:how to deal with stress。

2. 信息归纳表达题。该题要求考生能在短文中找到题目所要求的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当的整理(2011山东卷和江西卷78题)。

信息归纳题有时以例举填空的形式:list three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text ①________ ②_________ ③_________,或回答的形式,如:point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in paragraph 3. ________________。

解答信息归纳表达题,一方面要找到相应的原文信息,另一方面要组织好词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。如回答上一题“advantage”即用短语 a health benefit,而有相当数量同学用一个句子__there is a health benefit_,实在是教训深刻。

3. 指代关系确认题。考生根据下划线代词(如they, that, it,so 等)找到它所指代的上文内容。指示代词所指代的是上文的事物,考生主要是在上文寻找答案,答题难度相对小些。考生要注意到代词所代替的是上文的名词或动名词,如原文所指向的是动词或其它词性的词,则要相应的名词化。

如2011江西卷80题:what does the word “it”(line 3, paragraph 5) probably refer to?

4. 补全文章空缺题。短文在设计时,在短文中间设一空,要求考生用恰当的短语或分句进行内容补全,使之与前后内容连贯,并与作者的写作意图相符。信息补全题类似于完型填空,但空缺处需填的通常不是一个单词,多为一个完整的句子,这就无疑给考生带来相当的挑战。做好这道小题,一方面一定要看懂上下文,另一方面还要会分析文章的发展脉络,使填进去的信息与上下文语境刚好吻合。2011山东卷77题和江西卷79题即为信息补全题。

在补全文章空缺处时,首先要先知晓短文的主旨大意,因为需要填进的内容都是与主题切实相关的;同时要注意一些连接语篇的词语,如however,therefore,on the other hand,similarly等,这些词是上下文过渡和发展的关键词。2011江西卷79题为fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words,我们在通读全文后,知道短文的主题是“电视直播体育赛事的利与弊”,而前一段分析了“利”,同时我们注意到空缺处前有一表转折关系的连词however,且空白处的下文是分析“弊”,所以填进去的当为“there are also disadvantages ”,从而与上段形成“利与弊”的对比关系。

5. 短文信息转述(填空)题。短文信息转述即通过题干中的一个句子,找到原文中的与其意义相近甚至一致的句子,并把它写在题目后的空白横线上。此题类似于paraphrase (using simple english sentences to explain the original sentences with complicated structures),不过题目中的句子有时侯也是很复杂的复合句(山东2008年卷79题)。而短文信息转述填空题则是对原文相关句子paraphrase的基础上,在题干的空白处填上原文所缺的信息(江西11年卷77题)。它既需要考生找到原文与题干中相一致的句子,也要求他们在题干空白处补全与上下文相连贯的信息,是一道相对较难而得分较低的题目。

短文信息转述(山东卷也称英文释义)的提问方式有:which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? / which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

要练好英文释义题,考生一定要吃透所给转述句中的关键信息,捕捉与原文相吻合的关键词汇。2008山东卷79题所给转述句为accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop complulsive shopping. 考生要能理解这句话的含义,同时根据下划线关键词在原文中第四段找到语义相同的句子。

短文信息转述填空题是江西卷命制的一种新的题型,它是在山东卷的基础上将所给转述句的部分关键信息挖掉,而要求考生根据原句补充上缺失部分并注意其相应的形式。

要备考英文释义题,教师平时在课堂阅读教学中要加强对复杂句的paraphrase训练。在nsec教材中就有很多练习专门是用来训练学生用简单英语解释复杂句型的。如笔者在教学unit5,book1时,就把原文中引用的nelson mandela 的一句话paraphrase 为两句简单句,而要求他们在课文中找到相应的原句。

6. 词义猜测题。此题的命制目的是考查学生根据上下文理解陌生词语的能力。陌生词语以下划线的方式标出。指示关系的确认依靠上下文语境的暗示或信息的互补。在2009天津卷的阅读表达中,下划线的词语是“chrome-plated contraptions”,而上句话是说“几乎每一个美国人都要花些时间推购物车”,而含有下划线的句子是说“他们在一生中推______的里程有很多路”。显而易见,后句与前句在语义上是并列关系,所以后句中“推”的宾语就是前句中的购物车。《普通高中英语课程标准》明确规定,要培养学生“能通过上下文克服生词困难,理解语篇意义”。在阅读理解中,词义猜测也是常考题型,笔者查阅了06、07年全国各地38份高考试卷,其中就有37份考查了“在上下文理解生词”,均体现出新课标的这一理念。

7. 开放性问答题。此题是要求考生根据短文中所出现的话题,发表你个人的观点和见解,如2011天津卷60题是就“人与动物的理想关系”发表见解,山东卷是就参加“某春假活动”表态,并说明其缘由。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象。开放性的问题使考生跳出了试题,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注些社会和国内外问题,高考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅而合情合理的句子。

8. 其它题型。如山东省的翻译题(英译汉)。翻译教学仍是中学英语教学的一种方法,特别是一些复杂的复合句,更需要适当的成分分析和翻译。我们没有必要用“信、达、雅”的标准来衡量学生翻译的句子,只要翻译后的汉语能较流畅而又能忠实于原文。

如湖南省和天津市的细节理解。细节题是阅读理解中的重要题型。据不完全统计,细节理解题在各省市区阅读理解的分值在40%-60%之间。而阅读表达题中的细节理解题更是对新课标“阅读能从一般文字资料中获取主要信息;能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”的全新诠释和落实。细节理解题采用5w1h形式提问:

what is the aim of the program?

why did linda join the american women’s club of toronto?

how does shaw feel about his future life with the help of cuddles?

who may choose to participate in the alternative break program?

……

三.阅读表达题型的备考

高考作为一种选拔性考试,必然要反映出考生在学习能力和水平上的差异。高考相对于知识性考试而言,它对于记忆的要求要低一些,而更侧重于对日积月累的能力的考核。《普通高中英语课程标准》认为高考要以考查学生综合语言运用能力为目标。作为一种综合题型,阅读表达题既考查到学生的阅读理解能力,又能考查他们的书面表达能力,因此英语测试专家普遍认为这是一种能有效评价考生综合运用语言能力的题类。但作为一种新的试题类型,阅读表达题不同于阅读选择题,因为选择题是答案提示性问题,而阅读表达题是考查学生理解文章、组织语言、准确表达的能力,它没有提示性成分,所以广大师生对它都有一个认知—了解—熟悉的过程。阅读理解题解题能力形成和提高要把握以下几个方面:

1. 阅读理解新题型渗透于日常教学和练习。

众所周知,高考是中学教学的指挥棒,广大师生只有顺应高考改革的方向,才能取得较理想的成绩。我们既要研究高考新试题,更要把它贯彻到我们备考和复习之中。概括短文主旨、明确指代关系、归纳段落大意,英语释义,寻找关键词,这些能力的培养,是一个长期的过程。笔者在指导学生阅读训练时,要求学生做到有意识地用几个核心词汇概括文章或段落大意;在遇到一些复杂句时,则先呈示同义句,要求他们在原文文中找到同义句;通过上下文、构词法猜测词义;在一些记叙文中,教授学生以5w1h形式复述课文。

2. 阅读理解新题型要求培养学生提炼概括的能力。

在批阅试卷时,笔者常发现学生找到了题目在原文中的答案,但常出现句式错误。如回答指代关系题把动词短语填上去,信息列举题又把整个原句写上去。这些问题充分暴露学生在概括能力方面的欠缺。学生既要能圈定答案所在的句子范围,更要进行一些合理的提炼,才能准确到位的回答相关的阅读表达题。阅读表达题要慎抄原句。

3. 阅读理解新题型要求学生阅读训练要持之以恒。

在研究近几年高考卷阅读表达题型时,笔者发现其基本是稳定的,但各年份在排序和题型上有个别微调。这在客观上给考生备考增加了一定的困难,但只要严格按照新课标关于高中生课外阅读量的要求,学生坚持每日阅读600词左右信息量的短文(两篇阅读理解),准备好这一题型是不困难的。

4. 阅读理解新题型要把握好一些特有的细节

阅读表达题各小题都有字数的限制。关于回答问题时超出规定字数如何给分,笔者请教了专程到笔者所在学校进行新课标高考卷调研的省教育考试院高考命题组专家,她的回答是超出字数均不给分。理由有二:考生没读题目后字数要求;考查学生概括能力。

阅读表达题也属于主观回答的试题内容,因此考生一定要书写整洁、清晰,为自己赢得印象分,切忌乱涂乱该。

四.结束语

阅读表达题作为一种新题型,既考查学生的阅读理解能力,又考查了学生在对原文理解基础上的书面表达能力。阅读表达题的创新之处在于它将学生的阅读理解能力转化为对阅读信息的撷取、归纳、表述和内化的能力,这与新课标的理念和nsec教材模块后的comprehending的问题练习是不谋而合的。基于高考对于中学英语教学强烈的反拨作用,我们一方面要巧妙而有选择地利用好comprehending中相关的练习,使高考题型训练常态化;同时通过平时的日常阅读和备考前相对集中地专项练习,进一步提高高中生阅读获取信息和表达的能力。

参考文献:

1.krashen,s.d. (1985) the input hypothesis:issues and implications. london: longman.

2.richards, jack & c.lockhart. (2000). reflective teaching in second language classrooms. 人民教育出版社.

3. 蔡银保 《专题调研:江西新题型》,汕头大学出版社,2011年 大学招生网

4. 黄远振等 “高考英语命题:现实与诉求”,《中学外语教与学》2008年第10期

5. 江西省教育考试院 《2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江西卷(英语)考试说明(课程标准实验版)》[m],江西高校出版社,2011年

6. 教育部 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》,人民教育出版社,2003年


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做高中英语阅读理解有什么技巧吗?怎样提高正确率?

做高中英语阅读理解有什么技巧吗?怎样提高正确率?

一、常见题型分析   (一)主旨大意题  主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容,是全文的核心,作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。因此,把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意,应采用快速阅读法浏览全文,阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同,中心句在文章中的位置也就不同,但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句,因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》  常见的命题方式:  What is the main idea of this passage?  What dose this passage mainly concern?  The main theme of this passage is_____________  The main point of the passage is___________  Which of the following is the best title for the passage?  The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______  The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____  Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?  文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现,有以下几种情况:  1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首,开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实,后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间,通常前面只提出问题,文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中,在这种情况下,读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来,进行逻辑推理,概括归纳出主题句。  【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。  Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。  ……  Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year。  Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008·安徽卷)  This passage is mainly about ________。  A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips   C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips  【解析】 本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章,主题很明显,文章一开始就点明了主题,接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开,而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。针对主旨大意类题目,应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时,应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句,因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。  【目的是为了吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中,在满足概括性和针对性的条件下,还要考虑标题的醒目性。  (二)推理判断题  推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,作出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型,通常占总题数的15%-30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可能是某几句话,要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上,对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理,揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理,知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。  常见的命题方式:  From paragraph one we can infer that_________  What can be inferred from the passage?  We can infer from the text that…?  What can we learn from…?  We can conclude from the passage that_______  The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______  The author implies that_______  This passage would most likely be found in______  The author’s attitude toward…is_________?  推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,掌握文章的真正内涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;(2)要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等,进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全;(3)要忠实于原文,不能主观臆想,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;(4)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摩作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。  【典例1】 Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鲨鱼)。  Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。  Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure。  If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。  …  It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。  At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。  In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。  She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (2008·天津卷)  44. The passage is most probably taken from _____。  A. a short-story collection  B. a popular science magazine  C. a research paper  D. a personal diary  45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?  A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。  B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled。  C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。  D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster。  如:Mary is due to leave at two o’clock。  【解析】 本文为科普类文章,介绍了一位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。  44. B 推理判断题。本题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文,A、D可删除,由文章的语言来看,并未出现大量的专业术语,可删除C “a research paper”(科研论文)  45. A 推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知,前四段所要表达的含义为If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather。(科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气”。故A 项正确。细节推断题要求学生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。  【典例2】 It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, carrier, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him。  Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday。” Memories fleshed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days。  …  Inside he found these words carved: “Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser。”  “Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most …”  Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked。  “I need some time to spend with my son,” he said. (2008·江苏卷)  69. Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?  A. He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest。  B. He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son。  C. He had missed his son and his family for days。  D. He came to realize the importance of the time with his family。  【解析】 本文属于记叙文,文章由邻居之死而引出一个不容忽视的社会主题:友情、亲情才是最重要的。69. D推理判断题,由文中可知Belser的遗言对Jack触动很大,同时也使他开始领悟到:只有亲人、朋友才是生活中最重要的。因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致该结果产生的可能原因,考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。回答推理判断题的试题时,考生一定要牢记,能够直接从文中找到的选项不是正确选项,因为与原文一样的句子不叫推理。只有那些没有在文中直接出现,但根据文中的信息经过推断可以得出的才是符合题意的正确选项。    二、解题方法  1. 先看题干,带着问题读文章。  即先看试题,再读文章。阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调,作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率,节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。  2. 速读全文,了解大意知主题。  阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息,更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。  抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章,都是表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章,大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序,即从概述开始,随之辅以细说。这时,主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句,需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用,主旨大意题,归纳概括题,中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。  3。详读细节,理顺思路与文章脉络。  文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文,有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点,详读细节,以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出关键词语,运用"画图列表法",勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。  4. 逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。  更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想,加标题等)和推理判断题,是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文;要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知推断未知,不能凭空想象,随意揣测;它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思,推理才有前提和基础。

做高中英语阅读理解有什么技巧吗?怎样提高正确率?

高考英语阅读理解巩固试题

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(一)

Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

A supporter of co-educational schools would probably say that schools should be like the societies they belong to .In Hong Kong , men and women mix socially on a day-to-day basis .In many fields men are even likely to have female bosses .It is ,therefore, desirable that boys and girls grow up together ,go to school together ,and prepare themselves for a society that does not value sexual separation.

Some would go on to argue further that growing up with members of the opposite sex is important for personal development .Regular contact (接触)can remove the strange ideas about the opposite-sex and lead to more natural relationships .Single-sex conditions are seen as leading to more extreme opinions, and possibly even as encouraging homosexuality(同性恋),though there is no proof that this is the case.

Those who are against coeducation often also fix their attention on the sexual side .Some parents fear that close contact with members of the opposite sex is dangerous for teenagers .They want their children to be attentive to their studies .Such parents feel uncomfortable with modern ways and the free mixing of the sexes.

A stronger argument comes from research into school results .Girls grow up earlier than boys ,tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages .In a mixed class ,boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker .Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed (惊动)the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes .In the UK the best schools are all single-sex ,strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer .This may ,however ,not be as simple as it looks .It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex ,rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.

72.In the third paragraph ,by saying “though there is no proof that this is the case” ,the writer means that .

A.students in single-sex schools will certainly become homosexual

B.students in co-educational schools cannot have extreme opinions

C.students in co-educational schools are likely to be homosexual

D.single-sex school conditions may or may not have effects on the students.

73.All the following arguments can be found in the passage EXCEPT that .

A.co-education can produce a society-like situation

B.co-educational schools may lead to love affairs between boys and girls

C.co-education will help develop a better understanding about the opposite sex

D.co-education can make boys perform well in mixed classes

74.Alarmed by the situation ,the UK government encourages .

A.co-education

B.single-sex education

C.single-sex classes in co-educational schools

D.co-educational classes in single-sex schools

75.At the end of the passage the writer suggests that .

A.single-sex schools are the best schools in the UK

B.being single-sex does not necessarily make a school better

C.co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal development

D.because boys cannot compete with girls in study ,they go to single-sex schools

答案 72.D 73.D 74.C 75.B

(二)

When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly ad possible and head for safety. But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm. These people are willing to risk(冒…危险)being killed by floods or 100-kilometer-an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up.

“Storm chasing(追逐)” is becoming an increasingly popular hobby(喜好), especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frepuent storms between March and July. A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to 1,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and wits for it to develop.

Although anyone can do it , storm chasing is extremely dangerous. The power of a big storm can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds. Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the storm season.

Even then, storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement . “Storm chasing is 95% driving,” says Daniel Lynch, who spends most of his summer storm-chasing. “Sometimes you can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers.”

However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it. “When you get close to a storm, it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life,” says Jasper Morley. “Every storm is an example of the power of nature, It is the greatest show on Earth.”

56. For storm chasing, the first thing storm chasers do is to .

A. head straight for the center of the storm

B. get into the car for safety

C. wait patiently for the storm to develop

D. collect information about a coming storm

57. Beginners of storm chasing are advised .

A. not to drive in a heavy rain

B. to do it in an organized way

C. not to get too close to a storm

D. to spend more time on it in summer

58. By saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph, the author means that .

A. storm chasing costs a lot of money

B. storm chasing is worth hours of waiting

C. efforts in storm chasing are well paid

D. a storm presents the greatest show on Earth

59. What can we learn from the text?

A. Sometimes storm chasers get nothing but disappointment

B. Many storm chasers get killed in the storms.

C. Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world/

D. Storm chasing is only fit for young people.

答案 56.D 57.B 58.C 59.A

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